北京市顺义区2019-2020学年上学期初中八年级期末考试英语试卷

北京市顺义区2019-2020学年上学期初中八年级期末考试英语试卷

知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分, 每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项.

1. （.5分）﹣Are these ___________books, Dad？

﹣Yes. I’m looking for them. Thank you. （　　）

A. her    B. your    C. his    D. their

2. （.5分）Yao Ming decided to enter the NBA ___________2002. （　　）

A. at    B. on    C. in    D. of

3. （.5分）﹣Peter, which do you like ___________, e﹣books or paper books？

﹣Both give me the pleasure of reading. （　　）

A. well    B. best    C. better    D. the best

4. （.5分）﹣___________do you have to stay at home？

﹣Because I have something important to do. （　　）

A. When    B. Why    C. Who    D. Which

5. （.5分）﹣How do astronauts eat in space？

﹣They have special plates ___________their food doesn’t float away. （　　）

A. so that    B. since    C. so…that    D. because

6. （.5分）﹣___________ you play the piano？

﹣No, I can’t. But I can play the guitar. （　　）

A. May    B. Must    C. Need    D. Can

7. （.5分）﹣I didn’t see you last week.

﹣I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me
at home for a week. （　　）

A. stay    B. staying    C. stayed    D. to stay

8. （.5分）After Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1996, he ___________many things in the company. （　　）

A. changed    B. changes    

C. has changed    D. will change

9. （.5分）Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___________went into space. （　　）

A. which    B. who    C. whose    D. whom

10. （.5分）﹣What should we do first if we want to make our town more beautiful？

﹣More trees ______________, I think. （　　）

A. plant    B. are planting    

C. have planted    D. must be planted

11. （.5分）﹣Do you like Harry Potter？

﹣Yes. I ___________it since I was 10 years old. I like it very much. （　　）

A. have read    B. read    C. am reading    D. will read

12. （.5分）﹣Do you know ___________the Capital Museum？

﹣Next Friday. （　　）

A. when will we visit    B. when we will visit    

C. when did we visit    D. when we visited

二、完形填空（共8分, 每小题8分）阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项.

13. （8分）

Winners Are Made, Not Born

No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own （1）　
　. I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.

It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the （2）　
　 team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to （3）　 the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated（击败）.

Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending on me. I had to change my（4）　
　 about their ability and potential（潜力）.

I started doing anything I could to help them build a little pride. Most important, I began to （5）　
　 them like winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football.

Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to （6）　
　. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a victory for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest （7）　
　of my life！

From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves （8）　
　, and they built themselves into winners.

阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项. （共26分, 每小题6分）

14. （6分）Creative and New Ideas from Teenagers

Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.

（1）Who built an earthworm robot？　
　

A. Richard.

B. David.

C. Sara.

D. Alex.

（2）The wearable sensors invented by Alex can　
　.

A. make things stay fresh

B. help people wash clothes

C. go into the smallest places

D. help people find their family members

（3）Which of the following is TRUE？　
　

A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.

B. Sara’s washing machine can also keep people fit.

C. David is a middle school student from India.

D. Alex’s wearable sensors will keep old people at home.

15. （6分）Best Trip I’ve Ever Had

Clara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when she heard a worried voice over the loudspeaker：“Does anyone on board know American Sign Language？We need your help. ”

Clara, a fifteen﹣year﹣old girl at the time, pressed the call button. An air hostess came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf, ” she said. “The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the air hostesses couldn’t understand what he needed. ”

Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help blind and deaf people and she knew she’d be able to finger spell into the man’s palm. So she rose from her seat, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt（跪）by the seat of Tim Cook, a sixty﹣four man. Gently taking his hand, she signed, “How are you？ Are you OK？” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat.

She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while. “He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk, “Clara said.

So, for the next hour, that’s what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future. Cook told Clara how he had become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman.

“Even though he couldn’t see her, she looked attentively（聚精会神地）at his face with such kindness, “a passenger reported.

“Clara was amazing, “an air hostess told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such an angel. ”

（1）What was the air hostesses’ problem？　
　

A. They had a very difficult passenger.

B. They couldn’t understand the passenger.

C. They didn’t know the passenger’s name.

D. They didn’t have what the passenger wanted.

（2）Tim Cook kept asking for service in order to　
　.

A. get some food

B. have someone to talk to

C. know Clara well

D. look for his family members

（3）From the passage we can know Clara Daly is　
　.

A. brave and clever

B. beautiful and lovely

C. patient and caring

D. outgoing and friendly

16. （6分）

However exciting space travel sounds, astronauts must still suffer with bad food. Now, food in space has to be dehydrated（使脱水）or pre﹣cooked and stored. This means astronauts aren’t really eating fresh food.

New technology may change this. Scientific American reports that a specially designed oven will be sent into space this autumn with NASA’s NG﹣12 cargo（货物）mission.

Far from the common vacuum﹣packed（真空包装的）meals, astronauts may get to enjoy freshly baked cookies before the end of 2019.

Why aren’t they baking cookies in space already？

For one thing, there’s the risk of a fire. Engineers also have to overcome the challenge of microgravity, which prevents heat from circling inside ovens the same way it does on Earth.

Astronauts will still have to wait a while before they can have their cookies, though. After baking, the results will be sent back to Earth for safety testing. It successful, this will be the first oven to bake food in space.

“I believe…that will be game﹣changing for both science and astronauts, ” food technology researcher Maeena Naman Shafiee told Scientific American.

One of the main driving forces behind this project has been NASA’s 2018 research into the effects of “confinement（封闭）and isolation（隔离）“. Unlike on the International Space Station（ISS）, astronauts traveling out of Earth’s orbit may not be able to speak to their loved ones on future missions, which could lead to negative feelings.

It’s hoped that the chance to bake and sense familiar smells can bring joy to crews（宇航人员）.

“Is the ISS going to smell like fresh﹣baked cookies？ We don’t know. ” said NanoRacks’ communications manager Abby Dickes. “But that’s a feeling we all know and love…that will make someone feel at home. ”

Baking cookies in space would mark an important step, offering a small comfort in the difficult and unfamiliar environment of space travel. Astronauts have already grown plants aboard the ISS.

With commercial（商业的）space travel now being planned, who knows what other developments may surprise us in the future？

（1）What can the new technology help astronauts to do in space？　
　

A. Store more food.

B. Enjoy fresh cookies.

C. Quickly prepare food.

D. Cook many different kinds of home﹣made meals.

（2）Why is it difficult to bake cookies in space？　
　

A. Because it’s difficult and costly to send food into space.

B. Because microgravity stops food from staying in one place.

C. Because baking cookies in space would pollute the spaceships.

D. Because it is hard to heat food properly because of microgravity.

（3）What was the main purpose of the cookie project？　
　

A. To improve astronauts’ health.

B. To make improvements in space travel.

C. To encourage more people to travel to space.

D. To make space travel more comfortable for astronauts.

17. （8分）

Audio Texts Signal Rise of New Literacy

Many people read physical books or e﹣books, but now there is a new﹣trend listening to audiobooks（有声读物）.

According to a recent report by the Chinese Academy of Press and Publication（CAPP）, more people are choosing to listen to audiobooks these days.

To be specific, 26 percent of adults listened to audiobooks in 2018, which was 3.2 percentage higher than that in 2017.

Young people have been the main driver in the development of audiobooks. Some 26.2 percent of teenagers listened to audiobooks in 2018, which was 3.5 percent higher than that in 2017. Ximalaya noted that the value of audiobook purchases made by those aged 13 to 18 in 2018 increased by 330 percent over that of 2017, the Beijing Evening News reported.

One of the reasons that audiobooks are becoming increasingly popular is that people want to get more use out of their free time, China News Service reported. Listening to e﹣books frees up time for them, whether they are at the gym, on a bus or in bed. Faster internet speeds mean that a book can be downloaded in seconds, according to Wei Yushan, director of CAPP.

Listening to audiobooks also helps with loneliness. “When I feel bored or lonely, listening to audiobooks makes me feel that there is someone accompanying（陪伴）me, ” Zhong Yan, an office worker who is obsessed with audiobooks, told the Beijing Evening News.

However, audiobooks are still far from perfect. “Listening to audiobooks doesn’t make you think in the way you do when you’re reading a book. It’s also likely that you will miss information while you listen, ” said Zhong.

Qiang Qiang, a primary student who often listens to audiobooks, shares this perspective： “Despite（即使, 尽管）its convenience, audiobooks are less detailed than physical books you read, ” he told the Beijing Evening News.

Li Yini, assistant general manager of Baicaoyuan Bookstore in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, told Jiangnan Times that people who want a book with serious content should choose a paper book or e﹣book, but they can choose an audiobook if the content is easy to understand.

（1）What can we learn from the first four paragraphs？　
　

A. Audiobooks have developed quickly in recent years.

B. Audiobooks are more popular than physical books in China.

C. Ximalaya is the first choice when people listen to audiobooks.

D. About half of young people in China listened to audiobooks in 2018.

（2）According to the article, people like to listen to e﹣books because　
　.

A. they are more convenient

B. they are cheaper than paper books

C. they are more relaxing than physical books

D. they provide people with a better reading experience

（3）The phrase “be obsessed with” in Paragraph 6 probably means “　
　“.

A. be doubtful about

B. be interested in

C. be careful about

D. be disappointed at

（4）What can we learn from Li Yini’s words？　
　

A. Audiobooks are less detailed than physical books.

B. People should choose a book form based on its content.

C. People think differently when they listen to audiobooks.

D. Physical bookstores face a big challenge from audiobooks.

四、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题. （共10分, 每小题10分）

18. （10分）

Let’s Save Our Language Heritage

Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO holds an International Mother Language Day（IMLD）. The event is to draw attention to the disappearance of the world’s languages：dozens of them are vanishing each year. UNESCO sees this as a tragedy（悲剧）, and with good reason.

What happens when a language dies out？ Something huge is lost﹣not just sounds and marks but the way that people make sense of the world and communicate with each other. And it is through language that we have culture and tradition. Kill a language and all this is killed too.

Through IMLD, more people are becoming aware of the destruction of linguistic（语言学的）diversity in modern times and trying to stop it. Google’s 2012 Endangered Languages Project is a good example. Speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload text, audio and video files to the project site. They want to introduce people to the wonders of the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world.

The Myaamia Project is a similar kind of effort. This is an attempt to revive（重新使用）the language spoken by the Miami and Illinois tribes（部落）of the US. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which formally died out in the 1960s.

These activities, which breathe life into languages on the verge（边缘）of extinction, might seem old﹣fashioned to some. But those who work to keep languages alive are not enslaved（束缚）to the past. They are enthusiastic young people who design apps and use social media to champion their activities. As the US﹣based social event calendar website Upcoming puts it, they “spread the word” to save the word.

So, while the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling for our mother tongue, although those of us who speak one that is not endangered might not always be aware of it. This is why we should recall（回忆）the wise words of the late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela：“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart. ”

（1）When is International Mother Language Day？

（2）What happens when a language dies out？

（3）What is Google’s 2012 Endangered Languages Project？

（4）What can we know from Paragraph 5？

（5）Why did the author mention Nelson Mandela’s words？

书面表达（共10分）五、文段表达（10分）

19. （10分）题目1

假如你是李华, 打算邀请你校的美国交换生Peter于本周六下午4点一起去参加读书俱乐部. 请你用英语写一封邀请信, 告诉他你们见面的时间、地点, 以及活动内容和邀请他的原因.

提示词语：Reading Club, listen to the lecture（讲座）, share

提示问题：•When and where are you going to meet？

•What are you going to do？

•Why do you invite him？

20. 题目2

每个人心中都有一个自己的榜样, 他们无时无刻都在激励着我们克服困难, 勇往直前.

某英文网站正在开展以“My Role Model”为主题的征文活动. 假如你是李华, 请用英语写一篇短文投稿, 谈谈你心中的榜样. 主要内容包括：你心中的榜样是谁, 为什么他/她会成为你的榜样, 以及你从他/她身上学到了什么.

提示词语：example, hard﹣working, helpful, successful

提示问题：•Who is your role model？

•Why is he/she your role model？

•What have you learned from him/her？

2020北京顺义初二（上）期末英语

参考答案

知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分, 每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项.

1. 【分析】﹣爸爸, 这些事你的书吗？﹣是的. 我正在找他们, 谢谢你.

【解答】A her 她/她的, 人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词；B your 你的, 形容词性物主代词；C his 他的 , 形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词. D their他们的, 形容词性物主代词. 根据下文回答“是的, 我正在找他们“, 可知, 空处是在询问“这些是你的书吗“, 空格后有名词books, 所以空格填形容词性物主代词your.

故选：B.

【点评】结合语境判断正确的答案.

2. 【分析】姚明在2002年决定进入NBA.

【解答】A at 接具体时刻；B on 接具体某一天；C in 接某年某月某季节；D of …的. 根据空格后2002是指年份, 所以用介词in.

故选：C.

【点评】辨析时间介词的辨析： at 接具体时刻, 如at 5 o’clock；on 接具体某一天, 如 on Sunday；in 接某年某月某季节, 如 in July.

3. 【分析】﹣Peter, 电子书和纸质书你比较喜欢哪个？

﹣两个都给我阅读的快乐.

【解答】well好地, 副词；best最好, 副词最高级；better更好, 形容词或副词比较级；the best最好, 形容词或副词比较级. 问句是一个选择疑问句, 根据“e﹣books or paper books”可知是两者之间比较, 并且空为副词修饰动词, 用副词的比较级.

故选：C.

【点评】熟悉副词比较级和最高级的用法, 结合题意, 给出答案.

4. 【分析】﹣为什么你不得不待在家？﹣因为我有很重要的事要做.

【解答】考查特殊疑问句. A when什么时候；B why为什么；C who谁；D which哪一个. 根据回答中Because可知, 问句是在询问原因, 用Why引导的特殊疑问句.

故选：B.

【点评】根据下文回答的内容来判断对应的疑问词.

5. 【分析】﹣宇航员在太空怎么吃东西？﹣他们有特殊的盘子, 以便他们的食物不会漂走.

【解答】A so that以便；B since因为；C so…that如此……以至于；D because因为. 根据句意, 空格前表示“他们有特殊的盘子“, 空格后表示“他们的食物不会飘走“, 空格后表示目的, 所以空格处用引导目的状语的连词so that.

故选：A.

【点评】结合上下文语境判断对应的连词.

6. 【分析】﹣你会弹钢琴吗？﹣不, 我不会. 但是我会弹吉他.

【解答】考查情态动词. May可能；Must必须；Need需要；Can会. 根据“But I can play the guitar”可知, 此处can表示体力、知识、技能等方面的能力.

故选：D.

【点评】考查情态动词, 牢记情态动词的含义和用法, 进行对比, 排除错误的答案, 从而做出正确的答案.

7. 【分析】﹣﹣上个星期我没有看见你.

﹣﹣我患了严重的感冒, 医生要求我在家休息一周.

【解答】答案：D.

本题考查非谓语动词的用法. 根据语境推测答语的句意是“我患了严重的感冒, 医生要求我在家休息一周. “由设空处前面的ask判断此题考查句式“ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事“；
所以选D.

【点评】本题考查非谓语动词的用法, 抓住句中的关键词并联系相关的语法知识可得出正确的答案. 平时注意对此类短语或句式用法的总结与归纳.

8. 【分析】在史蒂夫•乔布斯1996年回到苹果公司以后, 他改变了公司的很多事.

【解答】changed改变, 过去式；changes第三人称单数形式；has changed已经改变, 现在完成时；will change将改变, 一般将来时. 根据时间状语in 1996可知, 此句是陈述过去的事, 用一般过去时.

故选：A.

【点评】熟悉实义动词过去式的用法, 结合题意, 给出答案.

9. 【分析】杨利伟是进入太空的第一个中国宇航员.

【解答】考查定语从句. A which定语从句中指物；B who定语从句中指人；C whose在从句中作定语, 后常接名词；D whom定语从句中指人, who的宾格, 从句中作宾语. 此句为定语从句, astronaut为先行词, 关系词在从句中作主语, 并且指人, 因此关系代词用who.

故选：B.

【点评】判断定语从句的关系词先判断先行词是指人还是指物, 并在从句中作主语还是宾语.

10. 【分析】﹣如果想让我们的小镇变得更漂亮, 我们应该先做什么？﹣我认为应该种更多的树.

【解答】A plant种植, 动词原形；B are planting正在种, 现在进行时；C have planted已经种植, 现在完成时；D must be planted应该被种植. 主语trees与谓语动词plant之间是被动关系, 因此用被动语态. 此处must表示义务或必要性, 意为“应该“.

故选：D.

【点评】辨析每个选项的词义, 结合语境选出正确的答案.

11. 【分析】﹣你喜欢《哈利波特》吗？

﹣是的. 自从我十岁开始, 我就已经读过了. 我非常喜欢它.

【解答】have read已经读过, 现在完成时；read动词原形或过去式；am reading现在进行时；will read一般将来时. since引导的时间状语从句, 表示动作从过去某时开始, 一直延续至今, 用现在完成时.

故选：A.

【点评】现在完成时的用法：（1）强调不久前完成的动作对现在的影响, 常与just、already、yet连用, 谓语动词用非延续性动词. 如He has just gone out. （2）强调直到现在为止的生活经历. 常与never、ever、once、twice或three times等连用, 谓语动词用延续性动词. 如He has never been late for school. （3）表示动作或状态从过去某时开始, 一直延续到今, 可能刚刚结束, 也可能继续下去. 常与for、since引导的状语从句连用, 谓语动词用连续性动词. 如We have been very busy since the new term began

12. 【分析】﹣你知道我们什么时候将去参观首都博物馆吗？

﹣下周五.

【解答】根据Do you know …可知后面是宾语从句. 问句是一个宾语从句, 从句语序是陈述句语序, 排除A和C. 根据回答可知, 问句是询问将来发生的事, 用一般将来时.

故选：B.

【点评】熟悉宾语从句的用法, 结合题意, 给出答案.

二、完形填空（共8分, 每小题8分）阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项.

13. 【分析】多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练, 在一次比赛中输给了学校的另一支队伍. 作者开始反思, 不停的训练和鼓励队员, 最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手. 从这次经历中, 作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家, 只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家.

【解答】（1）C 考查名词. 句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为赢家. works工作；tests测试；efforts努力；opinions意见. 根据前一句“No one is born a winner. “”没有人天生就是赢家“并且根据常识可知, 只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家. 故选C.

（2）B 考查形容词. 句意：春季训练结束时, 一个学校的老队伍对抗新队伍是一个传统. new新的；strong强壮的；good好的；successful成功的. 根据前半句“It was a tradition for the school’s old team…”中的old team提示可知, 此空是与之相对的new team. 故选B.

（3）A 考查动词. 句意：. 老队没有教练, 他们甚至不练习来准备比赛. prepare for为……准备；cheer for为……欢呼；fight for为……而战；look for寻找. 根据空后the game以及上文play against可知, 他们为与新队伍的比赛准备. 故选A.

（4）B 考查名词. 句意：我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度. decision决定；attitude态度；conclusion结论；purpose目的. 根据“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little pride. “以及我本以为会赢得比赛, 但是最后输了, 可推测我作为教练必须改变态度. 故选B.

（5）A 考查动词. 句意：最重要的是, 我开始把他们像冠军一样看待. treat对待；control控制；choose选择；change改变. 根据“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little pride. “可知我开始做一些事去建立他们的自尊心, 因此可推断我把他们像冠军一样看待, treat…like表示“像……一样对待“. 故选A.

（6）C 考查动词. relax放松；spread蔓延；improve提高；改善；protect保护. 根据前句“…we won our first game and our second…”以及“Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. “可知先赢了第一场, 然后第二场, 最后成为我们州第一的球队, 因此此空表示不断“提高“, 才能成为州第一的队伍. 故选C.

（7）D 考查名词. 句意：我的男孩们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队, 这是我一生中最激动人心的一次. chances机会；developments发展；offers提供；excitements激动. 根据前句“My boys beat the best team in Georgia…”可知, 队员们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队, 可推测作者是非常激动的. 故选D.

（8）D 考查副词. 句意：我帮助他们不同地看待自己, 而且他们把自己塑造成胜利者. honestly诚实地；separately分别地；completely完全地；differently不同地. 根据后句“…and they built themselves into winners. “可知, 我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己, 然后他们逐渐变为胜利者. 故选D.

【点评】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空, 难度中等偏易. 考生需认真阅读短文, 仔细审题, 主要的是要理解全文的中心思想：没有人天生就是赢家, 只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家. 考生做题时, 首先抓住文章开头的中心句, 然后要注意抓住故事情节, 理解文章脉络, 领会作者的写作意图, 注重语境的理解, 前后句之间的联系, 在语境中斟酌所选的答案.

阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项. （共26分, 每小题6分）

14. 【分析】本文章主要讲述了现在的青少年是富有创造力和充满想法的. 本文主要介绍了四位年轻人的发明, 这些发明可能会改变世界.

【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题. 根据“David, an American teenager, built an earthworm （蚯蚓） robot. “可知美国年轻人David制造了一个蚯蚓机器人. 故选B.

（2）D. 细节理解题. 根据“So he invented the wearable sensors（感应器）to help people find their family members like his grandfather. “可知Alex发明可穿戴感应器是为了帮助人们找到他们的亲人. 故选D.

（3）B. 细节判断题. 根据“Richard thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things. “可知Richard希望未来有一天叶子能够用于制造盘子、杯子或其他事, 并非现在就是由叶子制成的, 因此A选项是错误的；根据“…a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time. “可知Sara发明的洗衣机能够帮助人们节约时间、能量, 同时还能让人健康. 因此B选项是正确的；根据“David, an American teenager…”可知David是一个美国的青少年, 因此C选项是错误的；根据“So he invented the wearable sensors（感应器）to help people find their family members like his grandfather. “可知Alex的可穿戴感应器是为了帮助人们找到他们的亲人, 而并非是让老人待在家, 因此D选项是错误的. 故选B.

【点评】首先要通读全文, 了解文章大意, 紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息, 然后明确句意, 结合排除法逐一选出答案. 最后再通读全文, 核对答案.

15. 【分析】本文向同学们介绍了正在学习ASL（美国手语）的Clara在一次飞机旅行中, 帮助乘务人员, 与聋哑人乘客Tim Cook进行沟通的事.

【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题. 根据第一段广播的内容“Does anyone on board know American Sign Language？飞机上有人会美式手语吗“和第二段“…the air hostesses couldn’t understand what he needed. 空姐们不明白他需要什么“可知, 女乘务员的问题是他们听不明白乘客表达的是什么, 她们不知道乘客需要什么服务. 故选B.

（2）B. 细节理解题. 根据“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk…他什么都不需要. 他很孤独, 他只想找个人聊聊天…”可知, 因为他需要找个人谈谈. 故选B.

（3）C. 推理判断题. 通读文章可知, 可知Clara热心的帮助乘务人员, 与聋哑人乘客Tim Cook进行沟通, 因此可推测她是耐心的、关心他人的. 故选C.

【点评】首先要通读全文, 了解文章大意, 紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息, 然后明确句意, 结合排除法逐一选出答案. 最后再通读全文, 核对答案.

16. 【分析】太空旅行听起来让人兴奋, 但是宇航员们必须忍受那些不好吃的食物. 太空中的食物要经过脱水或者预煮熟, 然后储存, 因此它们尝起来就没那么新鲜. 现在, 新的科技带来了改变, 一个特殊设计的烤箱将被送到太空, 这样宇航员在太空就能品尝到新鲜出炉的饼干. 这在太空史上将是重要的一步.

【解答】（1）B. 细节理解题. 根据“Far from the common vacuum﹣packed（真空包装的）meals, astronauts may get to enjoy freshly baked cookies before the end of 2019. “宇航员们可能在2019年底前享受到新鲜出炉的饼干, 而不是普通的真空包装食品. 可知, 这项新科技能够让宇航员在太空吃到新鲜出炉的饼干. 故选B.

（2）D. 细节理解题. 根据“For one thing, there’s the risk of a fire. Engineers also have to overcome the challenge of microgravity, which prevents heat from circling inside ovens the same way it does on Earth. “首先, 存在着火灾的危险, 工程师们还必须克服微重力的挑战, 因为微重力可以防止热量像地球上一样在烤炉内循环. 可知在太空做饼干其中一个风险就是火, 因为微重力的关系, 火并不能像在地球上一样加热食物. 故选D.

（3）D. 推理判断题. 根据“Baking cookies in space would mark an important step, offering a small comfort in the difficult and unfamiliar environment of space travel. “可知在太空上制作饼干是非常重要的一步, 它给宇航员在艰难、不熟悉的太空环境中提供一个小小的舒适感, 因此可推断饼干计划的主要目的就是让宇航员在太空更加舒适. 故选D.

【点评】先浏览所给的问题以及选择项, 然后带着问题在通读原文的基础上快速地找到答案, 然后再回过头来检查一遍, 确保万无一失.

17. 【分析】本文主要向我们描述了许多人读实体书或电子书, 但现在有了﹣种新的趋势﹣﹣听有声读物. 根据中国新闻出版学会（CAPP）最近的一份报告, 如今越来越多的人选择听有声读物.

【解答】（1）A. 细节理解题. 根据文第二段According to a recent report by the Chinese Academy of Press and Publication （CAPP） , more people are choosing to listen to audiobooks these days. 根据中国新闻出版学会（CAPP ）最近的一份报告, 如今越来越多的人选择听有声读物. 从前四段我们能学到, 有声读物近年来发展迅速；故选A.

（2）A. 推理判断题. 根据文章第五段Listening to e﹣books frees up time for them, whether they are at the gym, on a bus, or in bed. Faster internet speeds mean that a book can be downloaded in seconds, according to Wei Yushan, director of CAPP. 听电子书可以腾出更多的时间, 无论是在健身房、公共汽车. 上还是在床上. 据报道, 更快的网速意味着一本书可以在几秒钟内下载；可知人们喜欢听电子书是因为他们更方便；故选A.

（3）B. 词义猜测题. 根据文章第六段Zhong Yan, an office worker who is obsessed with audiobooks, told the Beijing Evening News. 钟艳, 一位痴迷于有声读物的上班族告诉《北京晚报》. 结合选项可以推测出be obsessed with意为“感兴趣“；故选B.

（4）B. 推理判断题. 根据文章最后一段told Jiangnan Times that people who want a book with serious content should choose a paper book or e﹣book, but they can choose an audiobook if the content is easy to understand. 想要一本内容认真的书的人应该选择一本纸质书或电子书 , 但如果内容易懂, 可以选择一本有声读物. 可知从李﹣妮的话中我们能学到人们应该根据书的内容来选择书的形式；故选B.

【点评】考察学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的的能力, 在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实, 要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

四、阅读短文, 根据短文内容回答问题. （共10分, 每小题10分）

18. 【分析】本文介绍了每年2月21日, 联合国教科文组织举办一个国际母语日. 这次活动旨在帮助人们关注世界语言的消失, 其中许多语言每年都在消失. 虽然语言消失的问题仍然是一个非常严重的问题, 但还是有希望的. 我们应该记住南非已故总统纳尔逊•曼德拉的名言：“如果你用一种他能理解的语言与一个人交谈, 那就会进入他的头脑. 如果你用他自己的语言和一个人说话, 那就进入他的内心“.

【解答】（1）Each year on Feb 21. 细节理解题. 根据第一段句子“Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO holds an International Mother Language Day（IMLD）. “可知国际母语日是在每年的2月21日. 故答案为Each year on Feb 21.

（2）Something huge is lost. 细节理解题. 根据第二段句子“Something huge is lost﹣not just sounds and marks but the way that people make sense of the world and communicate with each other. “可知当一种语言消失, 有些重要的事就丢失了. 故答案为Something huge is lost.

（3）It shares online materials about endangered languages. 细节理解题. 根据“Speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload text, audio and video files to the project site. They want to introduce people to the wonders of the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world. “可知他们这个项目主要是分享关于濒危语言的资料. 故答案为It shares online materials about endangered languages.

（4）Young people have creative ways to protect languages. 段落归纳题. 根据第五段句子“These activities, which breathe life into languages on the verge（边缘）of extinction, might seem old﹣fashioned to some. But those who work to keep languages alive are not enslaved（束缚）to the past. “可知主要介绍一些活动看起来过时了, 但是那些保护语言的人不会被过去束缚. 紧接着介绍了一些年轻人用全新的方式去保护语言. 因此本文主要介绍年轻人具有创造性、全新的方式保护语言的. 故答案为Young people have creative ways to protect languages.

（5）To point out the importance of one’s mother language. 细节理解题. 根据最后一段句子“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart. “可知如果你用他自己的语言和一个人说话, 那就进入他的内心“. 可见一个人的母语的重要性. 故答案为To point out the importance of one’s mother language.

【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览, 掌握全文的主旨大意. 其次, 细读题材, 各个击破. 掌握全文的大意之后, 细细阅读材料后的问题, 弄清每题要求后, 带着问题, 再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.

书面表达（共10分）五、文段表达（10分）

19. 【分析】【高分句型一】

The most important thing is that we can share books with others.

最重要的是我们可以与他人分享书籍. that引导表语从句.

【高分句型二】

Looking forward to your reply.

期待您的回复. look forward to…期待…

【解答】Dear Peter,

How is it going？

I’m writing to invite you to go to the Reading Club together. （点明目的） Let’s meet at 4： 00 this Saturday afternoon outside our school gate. （时间和地点）

We can enjoy a lot of things in the Reading Club. First, we are going to read our favorite books. What’s more, we are going to listen to the lecture. The most important thing is that we can share books with others. 【高分句型一】 I believe we are going to have a good time. （打算做什么）

I know you are crazy about reading, so I invite you. At the same time, I think reading can widen our mind and increase our knowledge. I hope you’ll like it. （为什么邀请他）

Looking forward to your reply. 【高分句型二】（期待）

Yours,

Li Hua

【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达, 能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等, 清楚连贯地表达自己的思想, 进而完成写作任务.

20. 【分析】【高分句型一】

At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams.

在学校, 他学习很努力, 所以他经常在考试中取得好成绩. so…that…如此……以至于……

【高分句型二】

I think I am lucky to have such a good friend.

我认为我很幸运有这样一个好朋友. I think+宾语从句. be lucky to do sth幸运地做某事.

【解答】My Role Model

Everyone has a role model. My role model is my friend Tom. （我的榜样是谁）

He is very kind and caring. At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams. 【高分句型一】 However, I don’t do well in studying, so he not only helps me with every subject but also tells me how to study in order to catch up with others. With Tom’s help, I make great progress and I thank him very much. （为什么是我的榜样）

I think I am lucky to have such a good friend. 【高分句型二】 From now on, I will do my best to study better and better. And I hope I will learn from Tom to help others in trouble and show the act of kindness to others. （学到了什么）

【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达, 能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等, 清楚连贯地表达自己的思想, 进而完成写作任务.